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KMID : 0904520150400010005
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Health and Medical Sociology
2015 Volume.40 No. 1 p.5 ~ p.28
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A Systematic Review of Correlates of Korean Girls’ Physical Activity - An Ecological Perspective -
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Lee Eun-Young
Spence John-C.
Song Yoon-Kyung
Jeon Justin Y.
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Abstract
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The benefits of physical activity (PA) on physical and psychological health among children and adolescents are well established. Thus, promotion of physical activity is part of public health strategy in most Western countries. One of the mandates of the Korean government is to strengthen cultural and individual capacity among young people. Though some efforts (e.g., educational reform) have taken place to promote girls’ participation in PA in a school setting to achieve the mandate, the overall level of PA among girls is still insufficient. This study systematically reviewed evidence (N=47) of the correlates of PA among Korean girls aged 5-19 years using an ecological model of PA (EMPA) (Spence and Lee, 2003) as an organizing theoretical framework. Results were categorized into five levels and reviewed respectively: 1) individual factors (n=36), 2) micro-system (n=19), 3) meso-system (n=21), 4) exo-system (n=2), and 5) macro system (n=15). Self-esteem, physical self-concept, enjoyment of PA, negative perceptions on PA, body weight at the individual level; lack of facilities and proper equipments in schools, and peer relations in the micro-system; physical education (PE) curriculum (i.e., contents, evaluation, co-ed/single gender) and PE teachers (teaching style, feedback) in the meso-system, lack of time due to education and gender inequality in PE class in the macro-system appear to be the most consistent correlates of PA among Korean girls. Traditional gender roles under the influence of Confucianism and gender inequality in PE class appear to play roles in preventing girls from being physically active. It is expected that the results will provide important information to policy makers and researchers in developing effective interventions and public health strategies to promote PA among Korean girls. More theory-driven research is needed to identify correlates and determinants of a broader range of PA (e.g., habitual physical activity, active transport, organized sports) among Korean girls.
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KEYWORD
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Ecological Model of Physical Activity(EMPA), physical activity, correlates, girls
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